The Israeli state then will receive the divine judgment prophesied against Mount Seirin Ezekiel 34 and 35, the book of Obadiah, and in Malachi 1:1-4. If you are engaging in such sin, repent today and trust Christ alone to save you. Your email address will not be published. 23:7, God said, You shall not detest an Edomite, for he is your brother.. Please watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TcP74Hsbhg. Thus says the Lord God concerning Edom: We have heard tidings from the Lord, and a messenger has been sent among the nations: 'Rise up! The Zionists today are of this opinion in relation to the Palestinians. Rather, God only rejects those who profess faith without ever truly resting upon Christ alone f or their salvation. The End of Edom As you progress through the Old Testament, there are. God created everyone we are all his creations and he loves creations. Listen to the podcast above. EDOM; EDOMITES. For there is no difference; Romans 3:22. There are 11 other people with this name in the Old Testament, but there is no evidence for connecting this prophet with any of them. (PART 2) In this part 2, we look at the extreme opposite of that by looking at the question: can Edomites be saved? The book of Deuteronomy is a series of 12 speeches that Moses gave just before his death at the end of Israel's wilderness journey. Just asking for edification. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . I am an Edomite woman as well and want to do everything I can to follow Yahuah and his laws and commandments in repentance. While I certainly object to the Zionists' treatment of the Palestinian people, my objection is based upon their violation of the law and the fact that the Zionists do not act in accordance with thelove of Christ. Isa 56:6 Isa 56:8Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to YAHUAH, to serve him, and to love the name of YAHUAH, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant;Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.YAHUAH ELOHIYM which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith,Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered unto him. Even though it was decreed that the Canaanites would be destroyed, God made an exception for someone who didnt follow along with her people. Only the names of the 12 tribes of Israel are on the 12 gates of heaven in Revelation 21:12. Yet knowing their identity as Edomites is the reason NOT to hate them, according to the divine law. For as you have drunk upon my holy mountain, all the nations round about shall drink; they shall drink and stagger, and shall be as though they had not been." Israelites were to be careful not to provoke Edom, but to treat them with justice. Because it speaks that Edom refused. One of the favourite passages for this is the so-called Amalekite Genocide of 1 Samuel 15. 3 years ago. Read Deut 28 and Leviticus 26 and you should be able to see who his people are who are now still in captivity until the time of the Gentiles comes to an end. We have written books on this matter. 1.Pride - I am wealthy , intelligent . The Dynamic Living Cellular Earth Electromagnetic Biosphere Containment System Is Powered By And Flowing With SPIRITUAL ENERGY Generated Electromagnetic POWER Fields That's Known As *FREE ENERGY* And Angelically Tuned Giant Magnetic Lode Stones Including Different Resonant Crystalline S-TONES/Serpentine Energy Vibratory Stones Made From In a nutshell, they say Edom could not be the whiteman if David . Ask this question among Hebrew Israelites, almost all will say no: Esau is doomed, can find no forgiveness. And not only is the people of God larger than Obadiah foresaw, but the fulfillment of the promised land is bigger. . Luke 13:15). Romans 11:18 Boast not against the branches. Do - Don't just change your mind, change your actions. 35:6), then God will expose his true identity and will remove the dominion from him. Exo 12:49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn (Israelite), and unto the stranger (Gentile) that sojourneth among (clings to) you. The Zionist Edomites will not succeed in the end, because they will not repent before their nation is destroyed. However, God then redirected them to the Jordan River, telling them to enter from an entirely different direction. There are many today who understand Zionism as an Edomite desire to inherit the old land of Canaan, but who react to it in an unlawful manner. Like Adam and Eve, Saul sought to pass off the responsibility for his own sin to someone else (compare Genesis 3:11-13 ). For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.Romans 9:11-15. Isaiah 43:7 Even every one that is called by my name; for I have created him (Israel) for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him. The LORD has a sword; it is sated with blood, it is gorged with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams. 1. to feel regretful or contrite for past conduct: to repent of an act. Its been rough thinking about all this, Yes you must keep the commandments brother and everything God or drained for us back when we were brought out of Egypt the only thing we dont do is keep the law statutes since were in a different land we must respect the king of the land but Gods 10 commandments, circumcision law, and baptism, and feast days must be kept still, Revelation 22:14Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city., 1 John 5:3For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous., 1 John 2:3And hereby we do know that we know him, if we keep his commandments., Romans 3:29Is he the God of the Jews only? By repenting every day and having the Lord forgive our sins, we will experience the daily process of becoming perfect. Do you have an email address I can contact you at? Get Bible verse every day in your inbox. Hebrews 12:16-17 Can Edomites repent? Judas Maccabeus conquered their territory for a time in around 163 BCE. The first thing the prophet tells us is that his vision is from the Lord, and that it concerns the nation Edom, and that there is a report that has gone out from the Lord to the nations to prepare them for battle against Edom. As you have done, it shall be done to you, your deeds shall return on your own head. Obviously, the Edomites hated the Israelites. How can u go against YAHAWAHS word. 19:11). Is there unrighteousness with God? Malachi says that God has "indignation" against the Edomites "forever.". The book of Jubilees 26:34 says this:And by thy sword wilt thou live,And thou wilt serve thy brother.And it shall come to pass when thou becomest great,And dost shake his yoke from off thy neck,Thou wilt sin a complete sin unto death,And thy seed will be rooted out from under heaven.. You can either continue shopping, or checkout now if you'd like. If this city is just an uninhabited archaeological dig and an uninhabited vacant place does this mean that the Holy Spirit's mention of Bozrah in relation to the returning Messiah is also dead? In other words, the ruin that God will bring upon Edom will be total, not like a thief or a grape gatherer who always leaves something. And he will not be our refuge or our righteousness in that day. Pride makes us think we are independent, self-sufficient, invulnerable. In part 1, we looked in detail at the provisions made for strangers to join themselves to Israel and even receive inheritance among the tribe in which they sojourn. Let's read the book together, making some explanatory observations along the way. There are many today who hate Jewsand Zionists in particularon the grounds that they are Edomites. Today. Paul preached all over that people should "perform deeds in keeping with their repentance" (Acts 26:20 ESV). Even this morning (not long ago) he revealed to me in a dream, the tribe of one of my former employees. We are a doomed people because of what our forefathers and ancestrial people were commissioned to do. Shalom Yisrael, I have an important question and I am a bit distraught over this. They are not the apple of YAHUAHS eyes. Jonah then narrates the story of God's judgment on another of Israel's enemies, Assyria, but the Assyrians, unlike the Edomites, repent! Esau is an example of one who was a member of the church visible but not the church invisible. It's true that Edom is mentioned in both Isaiah 63 and Isaiah 34 in connection to God's ultimate judgment. This designation meant that he was given certain rights by which God protected him from the deceit of his brother, Jacob. These forty years the Lord our God has been with you; you have not lacked a thing. Read on Mobile. For this reason, Jesus cursed the fig tree, saying, Let no fruit grow on thee henceforth forever.. And Jesus said, "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth" (Matthew 5:5). As an adult, Esau rashly sold his inheritance to Jacob for a bowl . But God is not impressed or threatened: he will cut them off in their pride, wise and powerful together. Tiempo: 32:50 Subido 24/04 a las 14:53:18 34898576 In the twentieth century, a new political movement arose called Zionism. 3. to remember with self-reproach or contrition: to repent one's angry words. We actually did a teaching on the virgin birth. There is a natural break between the first two chapters of Deuteronomy, because Moses skips 38 years of history. It is important for us to recognize what God is doing, and why, for then we can rest in His wisdom and marvel at His justice which is dispensed equally to all men. In this part 2, we look at the extreme opposite of that by examining whether Edomites (the descendants of Esau) can be saved. Jon 3:4 Jon 3:10And Jonah began to enter into the city a days journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.So the people of Nineveh believed Elohiym, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. But Israel was told to buy their food and water as they passed through Edom. The prophecy was delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC and has two main parts. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour. They are described as hairy and ugly, and some teachings of BHI believe that Edomites will become slaves in heaven. WHO WILL BE SAVED? 12:17). And his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us (because Messiah did not primarily come for Gentiles). 4. to feel sorry for; regret: to repent a hasty marriage. But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith YAHUAH. For you know that afterward, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no chance to repent, though he sought it with tears (Heb. Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious Elohiym, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil. The Bible does not give us a clear indication of when they went from family to foe, but clearly, they were enemies of Israel. We need to come to recognize that God's mind and thoughts are truly higher (and better) than ours. 1:6 we find that this word actually came while they were camping at Mount Horeb, telling them to return to Kadesh. No one seems to know who this prophet was. Had it not been for my child, I would not have reached those others, as they are not my primary responsibility. Teman was a grandson of Esau and a chief city in Edomevidently a cultural and military center where the intellectual and military elite gathered. This mountainous region, situated in modern . You need to understand the Gentile salvation and how it has been corrupted by the Edomites. This is the fulfillment of verse 1 where God sends out a report to summon the nations against Edom. (By the way, this was not originally addressed to you, but was from a Facebook post I previously made). False. What is the best way to cling to the Nation of Israel? Opponents of two seedline are in the unenviable position of having to believe that the "seed" of the "Woman" is literal (Jesus, they say) while the "seed" of the "Serpent" has to be "spiritual" and that it just means naughty people. Those that take the position that Israel was black and Esau is the origin of today's white people, need to explain why they believe in twins of two different races born to Rebekah, who had only been sexually intimate with Isaac. He had given them Mount Seir for a possession, and they were not to be disturbed unless by their sins they should place themselves beyond the reach of His mercy." Patriarchs and Prophets, 423. This will undoubtedly be fulfilled through nuclear war, as Isaiah 29:1-6 describes. Servants though they will be (Amos 9:11-12), they still will be among his people in the kingdom! IUIC doesnt say theres any hope at all for us. And at what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it;If it do evil in my sight, that it obey not my voice, then I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would benefit them.Those verses in Yirmeyahu 18 say it all. Yes, of the Gentiles also:, Romans 2:9-10Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile; But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile:. But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the childrens bread (Israels salvation), and to cast it to dogs (Gentiles). . And the exiles of this host of the sons of Israel who are among the Canaanites as far as Zarephath; and the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad shall possess the cities of the Negeb. And Adah bore to Esau, Eliphaz; Basemath bore Reuel; and Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. You are admitting that you are at fault. In their attack upon Judah, the Philistine and Arabians were probably assisted by the: Edomites. One thing we need to be aware of is audience. And your mighty men shall be dismayed, O Teman, so that every man from Mount Esau will be cut off by slaughter." As Christians, we are the children of Sarah, not Hagar (Gal. As Psalm 22:28, 29 says, "The kingdom belongs to the Lord, and he rules over the nations. Then in verses 1014 we see how Edom's pride had shown itself during the time of Israel's deepest need and humiliation, when the Babylonians were carrying them off into exile. John 4:22 Ye worship ye know not what: we know what we worship: for salvation is of the Jews. You should not have entered the gate of my people in the day of his calamity; you should not have gloated over his disaster in the day of his calamity; you should not have looted his goods in the day of his calamity. The pride of your heart has deceived you, you who live in the clefts of the rock, whose dwelling is high, who say in your heart, 'Who will bring me down to the ground?' 1:4; Ezekiel 35:10). For what matters is not so much the timing of the judgment, but that justice is going to be achieved: the violent nation will not boast forever. It does matter who you are. Pride distorts every area of thought and life. God told us through the prophet Malachi that it would be rebuilt and once again thrown down. Even as late as verse 24, Saul is still hedging. ), after having slain nearly 10,000 Edomites. Repenting is like pleading guilty to God. Isaiah is the most referenced Old Testament book in the New Testament, with approximately 100 citations and 500 allusions. If you feel led to support this ministry, we deeply appreciate it, All orders from the GKM Store will not be shipped out until March 10th, 2023 God's Kingdom Ministries. In this list, Bozrah and Teman are mentioned with other towns such as Avith, Rehoboth Hanahar, Masrekah, and Pau, about which nothing is known from the Bible or from other . It has been rebuilt. Obviously, the Edomites hated the Israelites. Though closely related to the Israelites (according to the Bible, they were descendants of Esau), they had frequent conflicts with them and were probably subject to them at the time of the Israelite kingdom (11th-10th "Behold, I will make you small among the nations, you shall be utterly despised. preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins, Mark 1:4 ( Luke 3:3; 24:47 ). Deuteronomy 2:1. For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. Edom dwells in security on their mountain Israel is scattered and in exile Edom has plundered Jerusalem But when the Lord has His day: Edom will be brought down from Mount Sier ( Ob 4) Israel will be gathered back to her land ( Ob 19-20) Edom will be plundered ( Ob 6) Edom may seem to have won, but the Lord prevails in the end. Because Esau had received a promise from his father Isaac, it was necessary that the nation be in existence to fulfill that promise. He will cast out the bondwoman, that is, Hagar, who Paul identifies as the old Jerusalem (Gal. Deuteronomy 7:6 For thou (Israel) art an holy people unto YAHUAH thy Aluahym: YAHUAH thy Aluahym hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth. There came a day when Esau found no chance to repent because he was sorry only for the consequences of sin and not for the sin itself (Heb. Your email address will not be published. Repentance needs to be proved. Browse more videos. Isaiah 40:17 All nations (Gentiles) before him are as nothing; and they are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity. Verse 7: "All your allies have deceived you, they have driven you to the border; your confederates have prevailed against you; your trusted friends have set a trap under youthere is no understanding of it." Of course, Edom refers to Esau, so Edomites are the descendants of Esau. Jon 4:1 Jon 4:3But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. Thankfully, He freely gives it. That city cannot be found apart from faith in Jesus Christ. Your salvation is not primary Mr Gentile, it is incidental. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TcP74Hsbhg, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpbGSM0ZtM0. Can edomites repentHebrew Israelites debunkedIn this video I look into the claim of the hebrew ISraelites that the edomites cannot fin. I do enjoy your teaching and learn a large amount of scripture// what is your opinion concerning the virgin birth of MessiahTHANK YOU. The word Edom in Hebrew means "red.". In other words, Jacob would have to give back the Birthright to Esau in order to allow Esau time to prove himself unworthy as a hated son. The law protected hated sons from being disinherited without cause (Deut. Daniel's detailed prayer can be divided into two portions. Or as Jesus says in Luke 16:15, "What is exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God.". In 1948 the Jewish Zionists fulfilled Isaacs prophecy to Esau-Edom when the Birthright and Dominion Mandate were returned to them after thousands of years. King Aretas and the Apostle Paul) Tombs on the way into Petra before entering the Siq. All Rights Reserved. The rights of the hated son could not protect him from the law after he proved himself to be rebellious and unrepentant. But it also says that Esau will serve his brother which hasnt happened yet. (Edomites. King Aretas and Paul. He probably wrote the book after the captivity of Jerusalem and Judah in 586 b.c., but no one seems to know for sure. No one comes to God with true repentance in their heart unless . And our self-confidence will be like a feather in a hurricane when God's wrath is revealed from heaven (cf. Like their father Esau , the father of the Edomites, cannot find repentance and therefore an Edomite or Read more By ljthriepland, 5 years ago Please someone answer this. You've been thinking one way, but now you think the opposite way. 29:56. Following YAHUAHs commandments? Hopefully so far you have gathered that repentance is not a feeling, though it may start with one. Babylonians. White people and white Jews are commonly referred to as "Edomites" or descendants of "Esau" and biblical enemies of Jacob (Israel). We may feel like people tossed around in an old stagecoach pulled by six wild horses, but fear not, God sits serenely over our heads, and the hands that made the world hold the reins. A later prophecy, however, made it clear that this fig tree would come back to life and bear more leaves (Matt. We'll never share your email. He allowed the white mayenne they eat mites to rise and take over the Earth.He allowed them to steal the negros identity so that we would be pushed to jealousy And return Back to the father. Esau was called a hated son in Malachi 1:3. The main point of the prophecy seems to be that God's oppressed people should take courage because God is still the righteous Master of the universe: wrongs will be righted through judgment, and the Judge of all the earth shall rule openly someday with all his people in safety forever. Though you soar aloft like the eagle, though your nest is set among the stars, thence I will bring you down, says the Lord." When a verse mentions repentance it is for the children of Israel only, and the New Testament is the same as the Old. We are only able to do what we do because of your support. And Elohiym saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and Elohiym repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not. The Amalekite genocide John Allister | 12 August, 2013 One of the standard ways that the New Atheists attack Christianity is by using some of the Old Testament war passages to argue that God is violent and petty. . Surrounded by deep ravines amid the rugged highlands of southern Jordan, the steep-sided "rock" of es-Sela may be where King Amaziah of Judah slaughtered 10,000 Edomites.. . is he not also of the Gentiles? It has again brought forth leaves, but Jesus said it will not bear fruit. When he has had sufficient time to prove his bloodthirsty character (Ez. Repent - Ask for forgiveness and change your mind about what you are doing. N otice two (of three) square free-standing tombs on the right. (PART 2)<br>In this part 2, we look at the extreme opposite of that by looking at the question: can Edomites be saved? Num 23:19Elohiym is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? My own conviction is that most of our perplexity regarding moral and theological issues is owing to the distortions caused by our pride, not to the complexity of the issue. That is why there were Gentiles who left Egypt with the children of Israel, but barely any mention was made of them. More insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free! The judgment of the Edomites is a reminder that God stands opposed to all forms of human arrogance and pride. Salvation is only for Israel. Salvation is not only for Israel but the entire world. Obadiah and his people knew that their own distress and calamity were deserved. We know because the law of the rebellious son is linked to the law of the hated son. Im just amazed that we even have a chance of hope (though I know this doesnt wipe out that we will serve Israel, and our tribe deserves it for all weve done and (as a nation) are still oppressors. Edom is portrayed as an aggressive and bloodthirsty people who are opposed to Israel at every step. According to the book of Numbers (20:17-20), the Edomites denied the Hebrews passage through their land. No Chance to Repent | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org John Owen tells us that Esau is a clear example of the truth that "no one knows where deliberate sin may lead." Unrepentant, deliberate sin should cause us to q Subscribe. Do you have an email address I can contact you at? There is a lot of content on this site, and that can be overwhelming, so we've written up a guide to help get you started! The 2020 Tabernacles Conference is finished! If you want to receive updates from us, signup below. Isa 56:6 Isa 56:8Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to YAHUAH, to serve him, and to love the name of YAHUAH, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant; Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer:their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people. Of course, all of this began with a case of mistaken identity, and so it ends in the same way. Jer 18:7 Jer 18:10 At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them. Inconsitency #1 - Twin Brothers. Its fate is to be cut down (Luke 3:8-9; 13:6-9). In many places, the author of Hebrews uses the Old Testament to warn us about remaining faithful. Abba does not change. 2:29). In part two, verses 1721, Obadiah assures the people of Judah that on the day of the Lord there will be hope for those in Zion. Be the first to react on this! And dont forget, you can easily be cut off again. That's repentance the changing of the mind. repent: [verb] to turn from sin and dedicate oneself to the amendment of one's life. He is of the tribe of Judah and I serve him as well, and Im happy to do so, but this broadcast really blew my mind because it is the first time Ive heard hope. So God led them to go around Edom (or Mount Seir). Even though the prophet addressed the Edomites, who were descendants of Esau, the twin brother of Jacob, he had a message . FollowInTruth LJ. CHAPTER VERSE Hebrews 12:17 "For ye know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears." King James Version (KJV) < Previous Verse Next Verse > View Chapter Hebrews 12:17 Context Isa 56:6 Isa 56:7 Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to YAHUAH, to serve him, and to love the name of YAHUAH, to be his servants, every one that KEEPETH THE SABBATH from polluting it, and TAKETH HOLD OF MY COVENANT (law done away with? Although no name of an Edomite deity is given in the Bible . True. Let's suppose a man wants to learn how to parachute. The year 1948 started our detour around Edom in the history of the Kingdom. "Now these are the records of the generations of Esau (that is, Edom)." Genesis 36:1; "So Esau lived in the hill country of Seir; Esau is Edom." Those instructions, of course, turned out to be irrelevant in Moses' day, because Edom did not allow them to pass through their territory. Be not highminded, but fear: For if YAHUAH spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee. PART 2: THE GENTILE SALVATION In my previous post, I looked at the fact that the Messiah did not come for the whole world, but does that mean Gentiles are excluded from salvation? Highlighting who the Edomites are suddenly puts us on the defensive so we deviate from the point and focus on something else. Copyright 2002-2023 Got Questions Ministries. Shalom,I believe I am of Esau and I have a question. The promises made long ago to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, that they and their descendants would possess the land, will not be frustrated. ", John Piper is founder and teacher of desiringGod.org and chancellor of Bethlehem College & Seminary. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. But he answered her not a word (because she was a Gentile). Gentiles cannot therefore be separate from Israel and start their own religions and expect to be saved! To repent is to admit that you are guilty, to show sincere regret. The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1903 edition, says under the heading Edom. The first century historian, Josephus, tells us that they were hereafter no other than Jews (Antiquities of the Jews, XIII, ix, 1). So Mr Gentile, your salvation is not of your own. Esau was the twin brother of Jacob, the father of 12 sons who became the 12 tribes of Israel. Canal: Just a Word. If even the Edomites turn and repent, cleave to his people, sojourn among them, leave their old evil ways, are truly grafted in among them, then they shall be built among his people. Those verses in Yirmeyahu 18 . Psalm 32 is a wonderful place to explore the nature and process of deep repentance. A number of relatively obscure references are made to place names throughout the Old Testament. Esau took his wives from the Canaanites: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, Oholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite, and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth. Verses 116 are directed against Edom (the descendants of Esau who lived to the southeast of the Dead Sea), and verses 1721 focus on the vindication of Israel and the final establishment of God's kingdom on earth.